BIBILIYA YONGEYE KWIBASIRWA N'ABAHAKANYI

BIBILIYA YONGEYE KWIBASIRWA N’ABAHAKANYI

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Bibiliya n’ihuriro ry’amagambo yaturutse k’Uwiteka binyuze mu kanwa k’abana bayo aribo abakurambere bakiranutse, abahanuzi n’Intumwa. Mu gihe cy’abakurambere guhera kuri Adamu –Abrahamu nta bibiliya yariho ni ukuvuga amagambo yanditse mu gitabo ; ahubwo amagambo y’Imana kimwe n’amategeko yayo byari mu bwenge bwabo no mu mitima yabo uko ibisekuru byakurikiranaga yagendaga aba uruhererekane kubwo kwigisha urubyaro rwabo bari bagifite ubwenge butaraga n’impagarike nzima. Ijambo ry’Imana ritugaragariza neza ko mu myaka 930 Adamu yabayeho (Itang :5 :5) yigishaga urubyaro rwamukomotseho guhera mwirema nta nagato yibagiwe .

« Adamu yakomoye amateka y’irema mu kanwa k’umuremyi ubwe. Yiboneye ibyabayeho mu myaka magana  cyenda kandi n’urubyaro rwe rwamukomoyeho ubumenyi. Abambere y’umwuzure ntibagiraga igitabo cyangwa inzu y’ibyamateka bagombaga kwifashisha. Ahubwo ubwonko bwabo bwari buhanitse kimwe n’imbaraga z’impagarike n’izintekerezo, ntibabashaga gusa gufata ibwo bumvise, ahubwo, babisubiriragamo urubyaro rwabo nta na kimwe bagabanije. Kubw’ibyo, mu mu binyejana, ibisekuru icyenda byambere by’icyo gihe baricaranaga bakungurana ubumenyi (Patriarches et Prophètes, p. 60) kubwingaruka z’icyaha umuntu yagiye agabanuka buhorobuhoro mu gikuriro cy’impagarike, mu ntekerezo n’imyaka y’uburame iba mike cyane.

Nyuma y’imyaka magana ane na mirongo itatu abaisiraheli bamaze mu bubata bwo mu gihugu cya Egiputa ; mu gihe cyo gutahuka basubira mu gihugu cy’isezerano ubwo bari bayobowe na Mose nibwo Imana yatangiye kuvugana nabo hakoreshejwe inyandiko kugeza ubwo nayo yabandikiye amategeko yayo kubisate by’amabuye (Kuva 20 :1 ; Gutekeka 10 :1-5) andi yo yanditswe na Mose kandi ayandika mu gitabo (Gutegeka 31 :24) ubwo bari mu butayu. Mose ubwe yanditse ibitabo bya bibilia bibanza Itangiriro, Kuva, abalewi, gutegeka kwa kabiri, kubara, nuko ibindi bikurikiraho byandikwa n’abamukurikiye , n’abahanuzi bo mw’isiraeli bahagurutswaga n’Uwiteka mbere yo kuvuka kwa kristo ariryo sezerano rya ke

Isezerano rishya ryo ryaje risohoza ubuhanuzi bw’isezearano rya kera ryandikwa n’intumwa zabanye na kristo. Muri aba bose banditse amagambo ya bibilia bose bayakomoye ku Mana mu mayerekwa abo ni nk’abahanuzi kandi berekwaga na Kristo ubwe, intumwa zagize amahirwe yo kwivuganira na we imbona nkubone bakorana nawe niyo mpamvu Yesu Kristo yababwiye  ati « abahanuzi bose bifuje kureba ibyo mureba ubu ariko ntibabibasha niyo mpamvu mu hirwa (Luka 10 :24) ari amagambo y’isezerano rya kera ni rishya yose inkomoko yayo ni Kristo. Dore uko intumwa zibihamya :

-          2 TIMO 3 :16 :Ibyanditwe byera byose byahumetwe n’Imana kandi bigira umumaro wo kwigisha abantu

-          2 PETERO 1 :19-21 :Abantu b’Imana bavugaga ibyavaga ku Mana bashorewe n’Umwuka Wera

-          ABAHEBURAYO 1 :1 :Kera Imana yavuganiye na ba sogokuruza mu kanwa k’abahanuzi mu bihe byinshi no mu buryo bwinshi,naho muri iyi minsi y’imperuka yavuganiye natwe mu kanwa k’Umwana wayo

Nicyo cyaytumwe yohana asoza igitabo cy’ibyahishuwe agira ati : “Uwumva wese amagambo y’ubu buhanuzi bwiki gitabo, ndamuhamiriza nti : Nihagira umuntu uzongera kuri yo, Imana izamwongereraho ibyago byanditswe muri iki gitabo. Kandi umuntu ukura ku magambo y’iki gitabo cy’ubu buhanuzi, Imana izamukura ku mugabane wa cya giti cy’ubugingo no kuri rwa rurembo rwera byanditswe muri iki gitabo Ibyah :22 :18-19 »

Intambara itorero ry’intumwa ryanyuzemo kubwo guhamya Yesu Kristo no kwandika amagambo ya Bibiliya hamenetse amaraso menshi y’abera ariko byageze ubwo bibiliya yashyizwe mu biganza by’abana b’Imana nabo barayigundira cyane kuko ariyo byiringiro byabo. Aho satani yananiwe gusibanganya abera n’ijambo ry’Imana akoreshaje ingufu yabigezeho akoresheje uburyarya.( Tragédie des Siècles, p. 123) kwandikwa kwa bibiliya byashoreje ku ntumwa nkuko tubibona mw’itangiriro kugeza mu byahishuwe ni ibitabo 66 by’isezerano rya kera n’irishya (ni nabyo abagorozi bakurikiyeho bahindura bibiliya mu ndimi zitandukanye bahamije ko aribyo by’ukuri) ibindi by’ikirenga bitangiye kuboneka muli Bibiliya y’iyerusalemu yanditswe na kiliziya gatulika inkomoko yabyo ntabwo izwi. Ikindi na none nuko kiliziya gatorika yatse abantu bibiliya muli cya gihe  cy’umwijima(Tragédie des Siècles, p. 51 ) nibwo yabonye uko yinjiza ibinyoma byayo bifite inkomoko mu bupagani.

Haje gukurikiraho abagorozi barwanya ibyo binyoma bafite intego yo kugarurira abantu bibiliya (Tragédie des Siècles, p. 419) yari imaze igihe yarambuwe abantu Luteri yaje kubona bibiliya munzu y’ibitabo(Tragédie des Siècles, p. 129) atari azi ko inabaho, kandi atigeze abanaho na rimwe …. Ubwo byabaye ku nshuro ye yambere abona bibiliya yuzuye .

Abagorozi bose babayeho babwiriza ijambo ry’Imana nta Bibiliya biyandikiye ahibwo bayihinduye mu ndimi nyinshyi zitandukanye. Bibilia ya mbere yanditswe mu giheburayo n’ikigiriki (Tragédie des Siècles, p. 181) dore urugero :

ABAVODWA : Nabo mu misozi ya piyemo babonetse mugihe cy’umwijima w’ubupapa, ubwo Roma yasibanganyaga amategeko y’Imana nibo bakomezaga Isabato kandi bubatse kurufatiro rw’ijambo ry’Imana kuko ariryo soko y’ubukristo nyakuri. Bari barahawe inyigisho n’ababyeyi babo  barwaniraga kugundira kwizera « kw’itorero ry’intumwa » kwizera kwahawe abera rimwe risa kugeza iteka ryose ; biswe itorero ryo mu butayu nibo bambere i Burayi, bari bafite Bibiliya yali yanditswe n’intoke yahinduwe mu rurimi rw’iwabo hari hashize n’imyaka myinshi mbere yuko ubugorozi bubaho .Kuba bari bafite icyo gitabo cy’ukuri byabahagukirije urwango rukomeye barwanira guhindanya kw’ibyanditswe (Tragédie des Siècles, p. 66-67) Appendice Bibilia mu bufaransa Tragédie des Siècles, p. 744

Nta wamenya icyo isi igomba abo bantu. Bafashwe nk’abanyabinyoma, barakobwa,imirimo yabo ivugwa nabi inyandiko zabo zirasekereswa, barazipfobya  baranazanga, ariko bakomeza gushikama batajegajega barinda kwera no kwizera kugira ngo bihererekanywe mu binyejana bizakurikirana, uwo murage wera ku rubyaro rwabo. Tragédie des Siècles, p. 61

WICLEF : Nk’umwigisha wa théologia muli oxford  wiclef yabwirizaga ijambo ry’Imana abamutegeraga amatwi muli iyo kaminuza. Umurimo yahaye agaciro ni guhindura ibyanditswe byera mu rurimi rwicyongereza. Mu gitabo cye yise « De la véracité et du sens des Ecritutes ; yagaragaje ibyifuzo bye byo gusobanu bibiliya kugira ngo buri mwongereza wese abashe gusoma ibitangaza by’Imana mu rwe rurimi rwa kavukire (Tragédie des Siècles, p. 89)

Umwuga w’icapiro wabaga utaramenyekana, uwo murimo wagendaga buhorobuhoro  kandi ugoranye kugira ngo haboneke bibilia nyinshi. Kubw’abantu bari bakangukiye inyungu y’icyo gitabo kuburyo nubwo abahagurukiye gukopora bayandika ntabwo babashaga kuzigeza kubazisabaga bose. Abagabo b’abakire  bifuzaga kugira bibilia yuzuye . Abandi baguraga ibice. Kenshi n’imiryango yariteranyaga kugira ngo ibone Bibiliya imwe ihuriyeho  nguko uko guhindura ibyanditswe kwa weclef bitatinze kugera mu biganza by’abantu bo muli Rubanda. Tragédie des Siècles, p. 9

LUTHER : Avuye i wortbourg aho yari afungiwe (Tragédie des Siècles, p. 177) nibwo yaranngije guhindura isezerano rishya… Abonye uko yakiranywe ubwuzu atangira no guhindura isezerano rya kera maze ayiha abaturage bo mu budage mu rurimi rw’iwabo, babyakirana ibyishimo nubwo yanzwe igasuzuurwa n’abayobotse ibihimbano n’amategeko by’abantu. (Tragédie des Siècles, p. 202)

LE FEVRE : Mu bufaransa nawe ahindura isezerano rishya igihe Luteri nawe yarimo akwirakwiza ibyanditswe  mu kidage, mw’isezerano rishya mu gifaransa ahitwa Meaux Tragédie des Siècles, p. 227

TYNDALE : Mu bwongereza, Tyndale afata umwanzuro wo guhindura isezerano rishya mu rurimi rw’iwabo, bamwihakanye aho yari atuye ajya i londoni aho yakoze uwo murimo adakomwa mu nkokora. Ariko kubw’ibitero by’ubupapa bituma yongera guhunga afata umwanzuro wo kujya mu budage asaba kwakirwa ; aho niho yatangiriye gusohora igitabo cye cy’isezerano rishya. Igihe bamubuzaga kugicapira mu mudugudu umwe yajyaga mu wundi. Incuro ebyiri zose umurimo we wakomwe mu nkokora. Ajya i worumosi aho Luteri yahamirije ukuri imbere y’inteko muri uwo mudugudu wa kera harimo incuti nyinshi z’ubugorozi, Tyndale arangiza umurimo we atongeye gukomwa mu nkokora. Asohora ibihumbi bitatu by’isezerano rishya…

Abanze bubugorozi bashaka kuyisibanganya. Umunsi umwe umusenyeri w’i Durham yagiye kw’icapiro ry’incuti  ya Tyndale agura stock yose ya Bibilia azijugunya mu muriro  yibwira ko gukwirakwiza kwazo bikomwa mu nkokora. Ahubwo uwo mulimo urushaho gutera imbere muli ayo mafaranga uwo musenyeri  yatanze hacapishwa izindi nziza gusumbya izambere. Igihe Tyndale yafatwaga bamubaza aba mufashije mw’iterambere ry’icapiro, asubiza ko umusenyeri w’i Darham yamufashije cyane kubwo kugura stock yose y’iduka kugiciro cyiza akaba aribyo byamuhaye uburyo bwo kujya mbere n’umwete Tragédie des Siècles, p. 265-266. Tyndale afungwa imyaka myinshi mu buroko ; kubw’ubuhamya yatangaga biherutswa no gutanga amaraso ariko intwaro yateguriye abasirikare zabahaye ububasha bwo kurwana bagera ku nsinzi kugeza n’uyu munsi.

OLAF PETRI : Muli Siwede ; Umwami wo muri icyo gihugu amaze kwakira ubutumwa bw’abagorozi yasabye ko bahindura isezerano rya kera , nguko uko Siwede yagize bibilia mu rurimi rwabo. Inteko itegeka ko buri bagabura bose biby’iyobokamana bakoresha Bibilia ijambo ry’Imana ryonyine kandi n’abana batangire kwiga ku yisoma mu mashuri Tragédie des Siècles, p. 260.

IMIRYANGO YA BIBILIYA

Mu 1804 : Umuryango wa bibilia w’ubwongereza n’amahanga wakurikiwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’uburayi n’imiryango myinshi yo kunganira . Mu 1816 : Umuryango wa Bibiliya muli Amerika, mu 1918 umuryango wa Bibiliya w’abaprotestanti i Parisi. Igihe umuryango wa Bibiliya mu bwongereza washyirwagaho, ibyanditswe byera bya sohokaga mu ndimi mirongo itanu, kuva ubwo byariyongereye kugeza ku ndimi magane inane. Iterambere ry’umulimo w’icapiro ryafashije cyane ikwirakwizwa ry’ibyanditswe byera… guhera 1971 Bibiliya yagurishwaga no mu duhanda tw’i Roma kugeza ubu irakwirakwizwa mu turere twose dutuwe tw’isi Tragédie des Siècles, p. 309 ;

IHINDANYIJWE  N’ABAGOMBAGA   KUYIRENGERA

Kuva kera umugambi wa satani wari uwo gusibanganya bibiliya. Igikoresho yifashije rero ni kiliziya gatolika impamvu bivugwako Gatolika yabayeho mu gihe cy’umwijima, nuko icyo gihe nta bibiliya yabagaho ahubwo hakurikizwaga imihango n’imigenzo yavuye mu bupagani igafatwa nk’umuyobora uzabageza mw’ijuru nicyo cyatumye ibwirwa ngo aho yicaye niho intebe ya satani iri (Ibyahishuwe 2 :13) mu minsi ya Antipa umugaragu wanjye yiciwe iwanyu aho intebe ya satani iri . Antipa uwo n’abagorozi barwanyije ubupapa ngo bagarurire abantu ijambo ry’Imana (nibo biswe les protestants). Ari nabo twaberetse haruguru bakoze uwo mulimo ukomeye wo kuyihindura mu ndimi z’iwabo.

Mu gihe cya kera kiliziya Gatolika yabanje kubuza abantu kwisomera Bibiliya irekerwa mu biganza by’abapadiri gusa, kugez’ubwo yazimangatanye burundu mu bantu niyo mpamvu Luteri yatangajwe no kubona igitabo atarazi cyari mu rurimi rw’ikiratini gihambirije umunyururu (Tragédie des Siècles, p. 129-130) atangazwa nacyo, aragisoma ashyira ahagaragara ibinyoma 95 bijyaniranye n’indurugensiya (ibyerekeye kubabarirwa ibyaha)

Muli icyo gihe cy’ubugorozi nibwo amaraso y’abera y’amenetse aratemba, n’abandi baratwikwa bazira ukuri bicwa n’abiyitirira ko ari abakozi b’Imana kandi ntakindi bazira uretse gusoma Bibiliya (Premiers Ecrits:214) ubu kiliziya (Ubupapa) buriyoberanya ngo bugere ku mugambi wabwo bw’ihinduye nkuruvu ariko buracyafite ubumara nk’ubwinzoka. Mu mateka yabwo y’imyaka ibihumbi yandikishijwe amaraso y’abera ni gute twawemera nk’umuryango wa gikristo ? Tragédie des Siècles, p. 620.

Mugihe abaprotestanti barimo n’abadivaentiste banze inyigisho za roma kuva kera bakicwa ndetse urupfu ruteye ubwoba, ubu bafatanyije nayo, mu mugambi wo kugera ku ntego yayo, baguye mu kaga nkako itorero rya mbere ryaguyemo ryagabanije kwizera kwaryo ryifatanya n’ubupapa ritekereza ko rizabihanisha maze satani aba abonye icyanzu itorero ararihindanya, yinjira mu bantu abateshura ku kuri kw’ijambo ry’Imana. Umushyikirano wagezweho wo kuvanga ubukristo n’ubupagani kwiyunga kw’abizera n’abasenga ibigirwamana byanduza ubukristo, itorero ritakaza kwera n’imbaraga (Tragédie des Siècles, p. 43).

GATURIKA NTIYAHINDUTSE

Na nubu ntiyihannye ubwicanyi yakoreye abakristo « ibicumuro n’umwijima muby’umwuka byariho mu gihe cy’ubupapa byari ingaruka idasubirwaho yo gukuraho ibyanditswe. None ubu impamvu yo kutizera kwa baye gukwira ivahe ? kwanga amategeko y’Imana, guhindana k’uburyo ryose kandi abantu bari munsi y’umucyo w’ubutumwa bwiza no mu kinyejana cy’umudendezo w’iby’iyobokamana ? Ubu ubwo satani adashobora gushyira abantu mu bubata abambuye bibiliya, yifashisha andi mayeli (kugabanya) kwizera ko mw’ijambo ry’Imana kuko binganya agaciro no kurikuraho Tragédie des Siècles, p. 635-636.

« Neretswe ko Imana yarinze Bibiliya by’umwihariko. Igihe yabaga itarakwira kwizwa cyane, abanyabwenga bamwe bagiye bahindura amagambo amwe n’amwe, batekereza ko aribwo bayumvikanisha neza, ahubwo ibyumvikanaga babigira idadi.bisobanurira uko babyumva kuko buzuyemo umwuka w’ibihimbano. Neretsweko, ijambo ry’Imana rikoze  ikintu kimwe, ni nk’umunyururu wuzuye, kuko umurongo usobanura undi » Premiers Ecrits :220

Satani amaze kubona  ko atazashobora abakristo akoresheje agahato n’ubwicanyi yafashe umwanzuro wo gukoresha uburyo buryoheye abantu. Yari amaze kugabanya inyigisho za Bibiliya n’ibihimbano byagombaga kuzimiza za miliyoni z’imitima y’abantu byari bimaze gushinga imizi.Ahitamo kuba arambitse akarengane yinjiza mu itorero ibihimbano byinshi, kugira ngo abisimbuze kwizera kwahawe abera rimwe risa. Igihe yabonaga itorero ryemeye kwakira inyungu n’ibyubahiro by’isi, ryitwaje ko rizabikuramo inyungu, nibwo ryatangiye kubura amahirwe ku Mana. Rireka kubwiriza ukuri kwagombaga gukura muri ryo abakunda ibibanezeza by’isi, rigenda ritakaza buhoro buhoro imbaraga. Premiers Ecrits, p.226-227.

MBESE AMADINI YANDUYE NAYO YAKWANDIKA BIBILIYA?

Amadini yaguye ntabwo yahamagarirwa kubwiriza ahubwo ni kwihana kiliziya Gatolika yabanje kwaka abantu Bibiliya, binaniranye irabica ikoresheje kubatwika no kubaterera inyamaswa zinkazi nabyo binaniranye  ifata umugambi wo kugoreka ibyanditswe ngo abantu bahere mu rujijo bigereranya no guhindura ibyapa biri mu mahuriro y’inzira nta wundi mugambi ari kugira ngo abagenzi bayobe (Prophètes et Rois, p.134)  icyagushije abaprotestanti nubwo batangiye barwanya ibihimbano n’ibinyoma by’i roma ariko hanyuma bagenda bagabanya kwizera kwabo biyuzuza n’ubugatulika bibwira ko bazabihanisha nyamara bibagiwe ko kiliziya Gatolika idashobora kwihana usibye gusa abana b’Imana bayirimo basabwa kuyisohokamo bakifatanya n’itorero ry’ukuri. Itangiriro ryo kugwa kw’abaprotestanti ngiri: “Igihe abigisha ba teologia b’abaprotestanti batangiye kwigira hamwe bibiliya n’abanyateologiya b’abagatulika n’ibwo umworera wabatandukanyaga wakuweho (Demain apocalypse repond : P.225) maze baba umwe; bashyiraho n’icyumweru cyo gusabira ubumwe bikorwa buri mwaka guhera ku ya 18-25/12/ iyi minsi irindwi yose bayitangiza bari mu nama zo kwiyunga. Nti byatinze ubu n’abadiventiste bagereranywaga n’umurinzi wok u munara urebera ikibi iyo cyaturuka nawe amaze kwicarana na malaya imbere y’inzoga yateretswe.  

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